Rigid PCB, commonly referred to simply as PCBs, are what most people envision when thinking of circuit boards. These boards utilise conductive tracks and other components arranged upon a non-conductive substrate to connect electrical components. In rigid circuit boards, the non-conductive substrate typically incorporates glass cloth, which enhances the board’s strength and imparts rigidity. Rigid […]
Ultra-high thermal conductivity aluminium substrate is a novel circuit board that achieves exceptional thermal performance by replacing the resin insulating layer within existing metal aluminium-based circuit board structures with a multi-film layer nanostructure diamond-like carbon (DLC) insulating layer. Ultra-hyperconductive aluminium substrate is a utility model applicable to the printed circuit board field, providing an efficient
What is 5G millimetre wave? 5G millimetre wave, also known as the millimetre wave band, refers to the spectrum segment with wavelengths between 1mm and 10mm, corresponding to frequencies ranging from 30 to 300GHz. In practical applications, frequencies above 24GHz are classified as millimetre waves. This band occupies the overlapping wavelength range between microwaves and
Thermal stress refers to the mechanical stress arising from uneven thermal expansion or contraction within materials during temperature changes. Within the PCB substrate sector, thermal stress primarily originates from the following sources: Thermal cycling during manufacturingReflow Soldering: In SMT processes, PCB substrate endure high temperatures (240–260°C) and rapid cooling. Non-uniform expansion and contraction of materials
Rogers PCB materials, owing to their unique properties, have become a critical choice in the manufacture of high-frequency electronic equipment. They find extensive application in wireless communication systems, satellite communication devices, radar systems, and microwave antennas. Their exceptional low loss, low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss factor, and outstanding dimensional stability enable Rogers PCBs to
Chip packaging technology constitutes a critical component within the semiconductor industry, directly influencing the performance, reliability, and lifespan of electronic devices. In recent years, as electronic products have evolved towards miniaturisation and enhanced performance, traditional packaging materials have progressively revealed their limitations. Against this backdrop, glass substrates, owing to their unique physicochemical advantages, are increasingly
TGV (Through Glass Via) technology evolved from 2.5D/3D integrated TSV interposer technology. Since its inception in 2008, it has focused on overcoming the dielectric loss bottleneck in high-frequency, high-speed signal transmission inherent to traditional silicon substrates, while addressing industry pain points such as the high cost and complex manufacturing processes associated with silicon materials. This
PCBA processing costs encompass multiple stages including PCB manufacturing, component procurement, SMT placement, DIP insertion, and testing/validation. Quotation efficiency is influenced by factors such as design file completeness, supply chain alignment, process complexity, batch size, and testing requirements. This article systematically outlines the cost components of PCBA and analyses key factors affecting quotation timeliness. PCBA
Cold solder joints refer to instances during the soldering process where an inadequate metallic bond forms between the solder and the workpiece. While appearing connected, such joints exhibit poor contact, severely compromising the performance and reliability of electronic products and potentially causing product failure. Accurate detection and effective remediation of cold solder joints are crucial
Microwave radio frequency technology refers to techniques utilising radio waves within the frequency range of 300MHz to 300GHz for information transmission, processing, or application. Radio frequency (RF) typically denotes electromagnetic waves across a broad spectrum, while microwaves constitute the higher-frequency, shorter-wavelength segment within this range. Owing to characteristics such as high frequency, rapid transmission, substantial
Microwave RF PCB refers to microwave components manufactured using conventional rigid PCB fabrication methods on specific microwave-grade copper-clad laminates. In printed circuit board wiring for high-speed signal transmission lines, products can currently be categorised into two main types: one category comprises electronic products for high-frequency signal transmission. These products relate to radio electromagnetic waves and
4D millimeter-wave radar represents an upgrade from conventional millimetre-wave radar, with “4D” denoting four dimensions: velocity, distance, horizontal angle, and vertical height. Compared to conventional 3D millimeter-wave radar, 4D millimetre-wave radar incorporates the detection of ‘height’, integrating this fourth dimension into traditional systems. This enables 4D millimeter-wave radar to: 1) Acquire information across richer dimensions,
The significance of high-frequency PCB materials in 77 GHz automotive radar applications. Within the high-frequency spectrum, although numerous novel PCB materials have been developed, not all are suitable for such elevated frequencies. At millimetre-wave frequencies, which PCB material characteristics prove most critical? Understanding these properties facilitates the simplification of millimetre-wave applications, particularly concerning the selection
Flexible printed circuit boards (FPCs), serving as core components for interconnecting electronic devices, have their layer count design directly impacting product performance, cost, and application scenarios. Based on the number of conductive layers, FPCs can be categorised into single-layer, double-layer, and multi-layer (three layers and above) structures. Flexible pcb with different layer counts exhibit significant
Flexible LED strip lights, also known as flexible ribbon lights, utilise FPC as the substrate circuit board and are assembled with surface-mount LEDs, resulting in a product thickness of merely 0.1cm that occupies minimal space. Common specifications include 30 LEDs per metre, 60 LEDs per metre, 120 LEDs per metre, 144 LEDs per metre, and
With the rapid proliferation of electronic products and the swift advancement of technology, demand for high-frequency, high-speed printed circuit boards continues to grow. High frequency PCB plays a pivotal role in modern communications, radar systems, and high-speed data processing. However, their unique high-frequency characteristics and stringent requirements for signal integrity render the manufacturing of high-frequency
Multilayer flex pcb is formed by laminating three or more layers of single-sided or double-sided flexible circuit boards together. Through-holes are created via drilling and plating, establishing conductive pathways between different layers. This eliminates the need for complex soldering processes. Whilst the number of conductive layers in such flexible designs can be virtually unlimited, layout
Flexible PCB assembly refers to circuit boards manufactured using flexible substrates, offering superior bendability and adaptability compared to traditional rigid PCBs. Flexible PCB assembly enables higher-density routing, saving space and making it suitable for devices with complex geometries. Flexible PCB assembly possesses the following characteristics and advantages:Flexibility and BendabilityFlexible PCB assembly can be freely bent,
Photoresist, also known as photo-resistive material, refers to an etch-resistant thin-film material whose solubility changes upon exposure to ultraviolet light, electron beams, ion beams, X-rays, or other forms of radiation. Photoresist comprises photosensitive resin, photoinitiators, solvents and additives: photoinitiators, also known as photopolymerisation materials (primarily including UV coatings, UV inks, UV adhesives, etc.), are materials
PCB jumper refers to spaces reserved on a printed circuit board for connecting circuits, achieved by adding conductive wires and connectors. They serve a broad purpose in circuit design, effectively resolving layout and routing challenges. Jumpers serve as ‘circuit shortcuts’ in PCB design, achieved through thickened conductors or special connection methods, specifically addressing the following
The surface treatment process of PCB circuit boards is crucial to their performance and environmental credentials. Among these, the tin-plating process is widely favoured for its cost-effectiveness and solderability. Tin-plating can be categorised into leaded and lead-free variants based on lead content, exhibiting significant differences in composition, soldering characteristics, environmental requirements, and application scenarios. What
What are leaded and leadfree processes? Leaded solder typically consists primarily of tin-lead (Sn-Pb) alloys, such as the classic Sn63/Pb37 (63% tin, 37% lead), which has a low melting point (approximately 183°C), stable soldering properties, and a mature process. Lead-free solder, conversely, primarily utilises alloys such as tin-silver-copper (e.g., SAC305) or tin-copper (Sn-Cu), which are
The encapsulation process, also known as the packaging process, involves the secure enclosure of semiconductor chips using specific materials. This provides effective defence against environmental degradation, ensuring stable chip operation. Beyond delivering crucial physical protection, the process is designed from the outset to fully account for the inherent characteristics of chips – namely their lightweight,
As electronic products demand increasingly diverse functionalities, pcb board structures have grown ever more complex. Constrained by spatial limitations, PCB circuit boards have progressively “evolved” from single-layer to double-layer and ultimately multi-layer designs. What, then, distinguishes the manufacturing processes of multi-layer PCB boards from those of double-layer PCBs? A multilayer pcb board is a type
