Underetching of PCB circuit traces primarily occurs during the etching process. Any deviation in the concentration, temperature, spray pressure or etching time of the etching solution will significantly increase the risk of underetching. Many PCB manufacturers encounter underetching issues because they adopt a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to parameter settings, failing to take into account the differing […]
Every improvement in the precision of flexible circuit formation drives the expansion of ceramic pcb into high-end applications such as 5G communications, medical electronics and aerospace. As the two core processes in the PCB manufacturing industry, subtractive and additive methods are not mutually exclusive; rather, they form a complementary and symbiotic technological landscape centred on
Surface Mount Technology Assembly (SMT Assembly) is an electronic assembly technique in which leadless or short-lead surface-mount devices (SMDs) are directly soldered onto the surface of a printed circuit board (PCB) through processes such as solder paste printing, placement and reflow soldering. Compared to the traditional DIP (Dual In-Line Package) process, SMT Assembly offers significant
High-frequency, low-loss FPCs (flexible printed circuit boards) are the key medium for signal transmission in 5G communication equipment; their material properties directly determine the transmission speed, stability and coverage of 5G signals. As 5G technology evolves from the Sub-6GHz band to the millimetre-wave band, and application scenarios expand from consumer devices to industrial internet, aerospace
Metal Core PCB (MCPCBs), also known as Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) PCBs or thermal PCBs, are a type of printed circuit board that uses a metal plate as the substrate instead of traditional FR4 fibreglass cloth, and are primarily used to address heat dissipation issues in high-power electronic components. MCPCBs consist of a three-layer structure:
Ceramic circuit boards offer unique advantages in terms of wide temperature ranges, high thermal conductivity, high-frequency stability and resistance to harsh environments, enabling them to meet the stringent requirements of extreme military sensors for substrate materials. Requirements of Extreme Military Sensors for Ceramic Circuit Boards Wide Temperature Range and Extreme Temperature ResistanceMilitary sensors are frequently
With the trend towards higher frequencies, miniaturisation and higher performance in electronic devices, high frequency PCBs (printed circuit boards) are now widely used in fields such as 5G communications, satellite communications, millimetre-wave radar and GPS modules. The choice of materials directly determines signal transmission quality, operational stability and product lifespan. Compared to standard PCBs, high
In the PCB manufacturing process, although pcb inks are classified as auxiliary materials, they play an indispensable role in PCB circuit boards. Different types of ink not only determine the feasibility and yield of the production process, but also directly affect the electrical performance of the PCB. Main Types of PCB Inks 1.Conductive InkConductive ink
High-Density Interconnect (HDI) PCBs, with their finer line widths, smaller via diameters and higher routing density, have become indispensable core components in sectors such as smartphones, high-end telecommunications equipment and automotive electronics. However, compared to traditional PCBs, the manufacturing costs of HDI PCBs are significantly higher, presenting a practical challenge that many companies must address
Against the backdrop of 5G base stations evolving towards millimetre-wave technology, antennas—as key components for signal transmission and reception—directly influence network coverage capabilities. PTFE PCB (polytetrafluoroethylene printed circuit board) is a crucial substrate that underpins the high-frequency performance of antennas. When millimetre-wave signals such as 28GHz and 39GHz are transmitted within a base station, PTFE
In the mSAP process, the core of impedance control lies in ensuring that the impedance of PCB traces meets design standards through comprehensive parameter management throughout the entire process. Compared to traditional subtractive methods, impedance control in the mSAP process is characterised by three key aspects: precision, consistency and adaptability. Whilst impedance deviations in traditional
The flight control board is the core control unit of a drone, responsible for attitude calculation, sensor fusion and the execution of flight algorithms. Its PCB primarily carries high-speed signals, placing extremely high demands on impedance control, signal integrity and EMI/EMC performance; it typically employs an HDI structure and micro-blind via design to achieve a
mSAP (Modified Semi-Additive Process) is a high-precision manufacturing technology designed for High-Density Interconnect (HDI) PCBs. Its core principle is ‘seed copper plating + selective etching’. By adopting an ‘additive’ approach—the opposite of the traditional subtractive method—it achieves fine-line processing: an ultra-thin copper foil, just 3μm thick, is bonded to the substrate; photoresist is used to
FPC surface treatment is not merely an optional auxiliary process, but a critical step that determines soldering reliability and storage life. Bare copper is highly susceptible to oxidation; without protection, subsequent processes such as surface-mount assembly and bonding face a high risk of failure. Different surface treatment processes correspond to varying costs, performance characteristics and
With 5G moving towards millimetre-wave frequencies and 6G targeting the terahertz range, high-frequency signals place unprecedented demands on PCB substrates to achieve low loss. Low dielectric polymer materials, with their extremely low dielectric constant (Dk) and dielectric loss factor (Df), have become the key to overcoming signal attenuation and ensuring stable, high-speed transmission. The core
77GHz radar primarily utilises Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) technology: by transmitting a linearly frequency-modulated ‘chirp signal’ and analysing the frequency and phase differences between the reflected echo and the transmitted signal, it extracts information on the target’s range, velocity and bearing. This operating principle places key demands on PCBs, and Rogers PCBs, thanks to their
Compared to conventional printed circuit boards, high layer PCBs are characterised by greater board thickness, a higher number of layers, denser traces and vias, larger component dimensions, and thinner dielectric layers. This places higher demands on the utilisation of internal layer space, inter-layer alignment accuracy, impedance control and product reliability. Key manufacturing challenges of high
The drone pcb board serves as the core component of the flight system, and its electromagnetic compatibility directly affects the stability of the drone’s flight. In high-frequency operating environments, circuit boards are susceptible to various forms of electromagnetic interference; it is therefore necessary to identify the causes of such interference and implement targeted mitigation measures.
In drone pcb board design, the printed circuit board directly impacts signal stability, flight safety and flight endurance. Striking the right balance between performance, cost, weight and reliability is key to selecting the appropriate number of PCB layers. The reason why 4-layer and 6-layer boards have become the mainstream solutions for consumer-grade and industrial-grade applications,
Ceramic PCBs are not merely a simple substitute for FR-4. Thanks to their inherent advantages—such as low thermal expansion, high insulation and high-temperature resistance—they are widely used in demanding applications such as RF communications, automotive electronics and medical equipment. However, their characteristics of being ‘hard and brittle’ and ‘sensitive to thermal mismatch’ make the SMT
Solder balls are discrete particles of molten solder that form during the reflow soldering process when the molten solder fails to wet the component leads or PCB pads properly, and subsequently splatters, separates and cools under the influence of external factors. The core mechanism behind their formation can be summarised as ‘uncontrolled solder’ – whether
Stencil design is central to ensuring the quality of SMT printing; however, in practice, three key issues frequently arise: deviations in aperture design, defects in the substrate and manufacturing process, and defects in auxiliary structures. Negligence in any of these areas can lead to soldering defects and financial losses during mass production. Three Major Categories
Surface Mount Technology (SMT) is a core process in modern electronics manufacturing. Its production workflow comprises a series of interlinked precision processes, with every stage critical to the quality and reliability of the final product. From the precise application of solder paste to the high-speed placement of components, and from ensuring electrical continuity during reflow
The stability of the dielectric constant (Dk) is central to the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of Rogers PCBs and represents the most significant distinction between them and standard FR-4 PCBs. Many PCB professionals encounter failed EMC tests in their projects; the root cause often lies in impedance shifts caused by fluctuations in the dielectric constant, which
