Behind the faint light pulses of laser diodes lies an uncompromising demand for substrate material. From the precise detection of autonomous driving lidar to the high-speed transmission of 800G optical modules, each stable emission relies on ceramic circuit board substrates for efficient thermal dissipation and structural precision. Among numerous ceramic substrates, aluminium nitride (AlN) stands […]
When the thermal conductivity of conventional FR-4 substrates, typically below 1 W/(m·K), proves inadequate for managing the thermal loads of high-power devices, ceramic circuit boards emerge as the preferred solution. Their exceptional thermal performance establishes them as a core component in high-end applications such as new energy vehicles, 5G communications, and medical equipment. As a
Connections between pcb circuit boards are primarily achieved through conductive connectors, wires, flexible printed circuits (FPC), board-to-board connectors, and soldering techniques. Among these, flexible printed circuits (FPC) serve as a widely adopted connection method, excelling in the creation of reliable, high-density electronic products. Their lightweight, thin profile and excellent flexibility make them highly suitable for
SMT stencils, commonly referred to as ‘templates’, are an indispensable component of the SMT (Surface Mount Technology) process; they serve as the template for printing solder paste onto the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) during the initial stage of surface mounting. In the first stage of the SMT process, this smt stencil is employed to precisely
PCB trace impedance refers to the total resistance encountered by electrical signals during transmission across a PCB board. In layman’s terms, it represents the ‘resistance’ encountered by electrical signals as they traverse the PCB. PCB trace impedance matching denotes the adjustment and alignment of trace impedance to ensure more stable and reliable signal transmission across
Semi flex pcb is essentially “standard” multilayer PCBs manufactured using specific grades of FR4. The thickness of the FR4 is subject to particular tolerances, enabling thinner sections to provide the flexible/bendable portions traditionally achieved with rigid FR4. Semi flex pcb is suitable for static applications (where the flexible section aids assembly) or scenarios involving minimal
High speed PCB design specifically refers to systems that utilise high speed digital signals to transmit data between components. The boundary between high-speed digital design and simpler circuit boards employing slower digital protocols is not always clear cut.Typically,the key indicator determining whether a system qualifies as ‘high-speed’ is the edge rate (or rise time) of
The Impact of PCB Impedance Control on Circuit Performance and Stability. In the design of high-frequency, high-speed electronic products, the stability and reliability of circuit performance critically influence product quality. PCB impedance control, as one of the key factors affecting signal transmission quality, is an indispensable technique in high-quality circuit board design. PCB impedance control
Driven by innovation in consumer electronics, medical devices, aerospace, and other fields, flexible pcb (FPC) have become core components for achieving three-dimensional structural integration and dynamic functionality in devices. However, the physical properties of flexible substrates differ fundamentally from those of rigid PCBs. Relying solely on the inherent flexibility of the material cannot guarantee long-term
Introduction — What is Rapid PCB Prototyping? Rapid PCB prototyping (PCB) plays a crucial role throughout the entire electronics product development lifecycle. It’s a critical step in transforming design concepts from paper into verifiable prototypes, serving as a vital bridge from concept to finished product. Simply put, Rapid PCB Prototyping utilizes advanced manufacturing technologies and
Silkscreen printing is typically employed to mark useful information on PCB boards, aiding users during the assembly process. It serves to label component values, part numbers, polarity, and other details, while also incorporating version numbers, manufacturer information, and similar data. PCB silkscreen printing is completed during the PCB manufacturing process, yet it is utilised in
Introduction and Background In modern electronic product design and manufacturing, flexible printed circuits (FPCs) have expanded from a limited number of high-end applications to encompass a wide range of fields, including consumer electronics, automotive electronics, medical devices, and aerospace. As products evolve toward thinner, lighter, more compact, and more reliable designs, FPCs are becoming more
Rogers RT duroid high-frequency circuit materials are composite laminates of PTFE (with random fillers of glass or ceramic), suitable for high-reliability applications such as aerospace. For many years, the RT/duroid series has been recognised within the industry as a high-reliability material offering exceptional performance. AdvantagesThe RT/duroid material series offers significant advantages including ultra-low loss, low
Rigid PCB, commonly referred to simply as PCBs, are what most people envision when thinking of circuit boards. These boards utilise conductive tracks and other components arranged upon a non-conductive substrate to connect electrical components. In rigid circuit boards, the non-conductive substrate typically incorporates glass cloth, which enhances the board’s strength and imparts rigidity. Rigid
Ultra-high thermal conductivity aluminium substrate is a novel circuit board that achieves exceptional thermal performance by replacing the resin insulating layer within existing metal aluminium-based circuit board structures with a multi-film layer nanostructure diamond-like carbon (DLC) insulating layer. Ultra-hyperconductive aluminium substrate is a utility model applicable to the printed circuit board field, providing an efficient
What is 5G millimetre wave? 5G millimetre wave, also known as the millimetre wave band, refers to the spectrum segment with wavelengths between 1mm and 10mm, corresponding to frequencies ranging from 30 to 300GHz. In practical applications, frequencies above 24GHz are classified as millimetre waves. This band occupies the overlapping wavelength range between microwaves and
Thermal stress refers to the mechanical stress arising from uneven thermal expansion or contraction within materials during temperature changes. Within the PCB substrate sector, thermal stress primarily originates from the following sources: Thermal cycling during manufacturingReflow Soldering: In SMT processes, PCB substrate endure high temperatures (240–260°C) and rapid cooling. Non-uniform expansion and contraction of materials
Rogers PCB materials, owing to their unique properties, have become a critical choice in the manufacture of high-frequency electronic equipment. They find extensive application in wireless communication systems, satellite communication devices, radar systems, and microwave antennas. Their exceptional low loss, low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss factor, and outstanding dimensional stability enable Rogers PCBs to
Introduction and Background In the printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing process, solder mask is a crucial step. It’s more than just a protective coating; it’s a key factor affecting soldering quality, circuit reliability, and overall circuit performance. The primary function of the solder mask is to cover the copper foil surface, protecting the circuit from
Chip packaging technology constitutes a critical component within the semiconductor industry, directly influencing the performance, reliability, and lifespan of electronic devices. In recent years, as electronic products have evolved towards miniaturisation and enhanced performance, traditional packaging materials have progressively revealed their limitations. Against this backdrop, glass substrates, owing to their unique physicochemical advantages, are increasingly
TGV (Through Glass Via) technology evolved from 2.5D/3D integrated TSV interposer technology. Since its inception in 2008, it has focused on overcoming the dielectric loss bottleneck in high-frequency, high-speed signal transmission inherent to traditional silicon substrates, while addressing industry pain points such as the high cost and complex manufacturing processes associated with silicon materials. This
Cold solder joints refer to instances during the soldering process where an inadequate metallic bond forms between the solder and the workpiece. While appearing connected, such joints exhibit poor contact, severely compromising the performance and reliability of electronic products and potentially causing product failure. Accurate detection and effective remediation of cold solder joints are crucial
Introduction and Background Amid the rapid development of today’s high-speed digital and radio frequency electronics industries, circuit board materials and structural design are becoming crucial for corporate competitiveness. While traditional FR4 material is adequate for many common applications, its performance bottleneck is becoming increasingly apparent when it comes to 5G communications, high-speed data transmission, satellite
Microwave radio frequency technology refers to techniques utilising radio waves within the frequency range of 300MHz to 300GHz for information transmission, processing, or application. Radio frequency (RF) typically denotes electromagnetic waves across a broad spectrum, while microwaves constitute the higher-frequency, shorter-wavelength segment within this range. Owing to characteristics such as high frequency, rapid transmission, substantial
