Definition and Basic Characteristics In the design and manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs), exposed copper refers to surfaces with exposed copper, not covered by solder or solder mask. Exposed copper typically appears in areas requiring subsequent soldering, grounding, or testing, such as pads, vias, or conductive bridges. Compared to PCBs fully covered with solder […]
LED lighting products’ efficiency, energy-saving properties and extended lifespan have driven their increasing market prevalence. At the core of these products, LED light pcb design is pivotal in ensuring luminaire performance, thermal management and reliability. This article delves into each stage of the LED PCB design process to assist you in creating an outstanding LED
In electronic manufacturing, PCB board quality forms the cornerstone for ensuring device performance and reliability. However, within complex production processes, multiple factors may induce various defects in PCBA, thereby compromising the final product’s functionality. This article delves into four prevalent defect categories in PCBA manufacturing: delamination, plated-through-hole copper fractures, pcb board warping and buckling, and
Introduction In modern electronics manufacturing, printed circuit boards (PCBs) are considered the “heart” and “nervous system” of electronic products. From smartphones and wearables to automotive electronics, medical devices, and aerospace, the functionality of nearly all electronic products relies on PCBs. However, as PCBs accelerate toward higher density, miniaturization, and multi-layered design, quality issues are becoming
PCB chamfering, simply put, involves bevelling the edges of printed circuit boards. This process is typically carried out after the boards have been cut, using specialised chamfering machinery or hand tools to transform the board’s right-angled edges into bevelled surfaces at a specific angle. This treatment not only enhances the aesthetic appearance of the circuit
The definition of PCBA contaminants refers to any surface deposits, impurities, inclusions, or adsorbed substances that reduce the chemical, physical, or electrical performance of the PCBA to an unacceptable level. The main aspects include the following: Classification of PCBA Contaminants Typical PCBA cleaning processes Solvent Cleaning Semi-Aqueous Solutions Water-based cleaning PCB ion cleanliness testing methods
Introduction In modern electronics manufacturing, flexible printed circuits (FPCs) have become a key technology for connecting miniaturized, high-performance electronic systems. As electronic products continue to evolve toward thinner, smarter, and more multifunctional designs, traditional rigid circuit boards are increasingly unable to meet the demands of complex spatial layouts and dynamic environments. In contrast, FPCs, with
UPS PCB, short for uninterruptible power supply printed circuit board, is the core control board of the UPS system. It is primarily responsible for providing emergency power to equipment when the main power supply is interrupted. UPS PCBClassification ⑴ Offline Square Wave Output UPS Power Supply: Its single-unit output power is approximately 400–2000 VA. When
Introduction – The Importance of Flex Assembly and Industry Background As electronic products continue to evolve towards thinner, more compact, and higher-performance designs, traditional rigid PCBs are no longer able to meet the demands of some specialized applications. Therefore, flexible assembly has become an indispensable component of modern electronics manufacturing. It not only provides flexibility
After the PCB circuitry is etched, a layer of ink (green ink, blue ink, black ink, etc.) needs to be applied. However, ink is liquid and has flowability. During the curing process after application, uneven ink distribution may occur, primarily around drill holes. In such cases, certain areas may appear under a magnifying glass to
In today’s highly integrated electronic product era, circuit boards serve as core components, and pcb manufacturing costs directly impact the market competitiveness of the final product. Accurately understanding the composition of PCB expenses, mastering their calculation methods, and effectively implementing cost optimisation strategies are key to manufacturers and design engineers maintaining a competitive edge in
What is a presensitized PCB board?A presensitized pcb board is a special type of printed circuit board with a photosensitive surface. It supports photolithography technology and can be adjusted using ultraviolet light. Despite common misconceptions, presensitized PCBs are similar to standard copper-clad PCBs, but essentially involve transferring graphics onto the board. Presensitized printed circuit boards
PCB board serves as the core components of electronic products, and their quality directly impacts the performance and reliability of the final product. With the rapid advancement of electronic technology, PCB design has become increasingly complex, with higher density and integration levels. This has led to higher demands on PCB inspection, rendering traditional inspection methods
Introduction and Definition of Soldering WireIn modern electronics manufacturing, metalworking, and various electrical assembly processes, soldering is a crucial process for connecting components and conductors. Among the many soldering materials, soldering wire is one of the most common and essential soldering consumables due to its ease of use, wide applicability, and consistent soldering results. It
EMI radiation consists of electric and magnetic fields, which disrupt the normal operation of electronic devices. These electromagnetic waves propagate within electronic devices and interfere with electrical components, with their ratio referred to as wave impedance. To reduce EMI, we use metal cans (Faraday cages) to encapsulate electronic circuits on printed circuit boards (PCBs), which
The pcb grounding plane on a PCB is typically a large metal area connected to the circuit ground. This metal area may only occupy a small portion of the board or, in multi-layer designs, it can span an entire layer. Depending on design requirements, it may even span multiple layers. Grounding, in simple terms, is
Introduction – Why Pay Attention to the Health of Your Aquarite Control Board In swimming pool water quality management, automated salt chlorination systems are widely adopted for their efficiency, environmental friendliness, and reduced chemical use. The Aquarite Control Board, the “brain” of the entire salt chlorination system, is responsible for monitoring water salinity, controlling the
A PCB board layer typically refers to the number of conductive layers within a printed circuit board (PCB). These conductive layers are made of copper foil and are a critical component for establishing electrical connections between electronic components. The design of the number of layers in a PCB directly impacts its performance, cost, and application
Conductive via holes, also known as through holes, pcb via must be filled to meet customer requirements. After extensive testing, the traditional aluminium plate filling process has been replaced with a white mesh to complete the solder mask and filling of the PCB surface. This ensures stable production and reliable quality. Via holes serve to
PCB pad is a critical component of printed circuit boards, serving as the interface between electronic components and the circuit board for establishing electrical connections and mechanical support. The quality of pad design directly impacts component soldering reliability, overall product performance, and manufacturing process efficiency. PCB pad widthThe width of the PCB pad should be
The pcb aspect ratio, which is the ratio of the length to the width of the circuit board, is a critical parameter in electronic design. The aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the length to the width of the circuit board, and it not only affects the physical dimensions and layout of the circuit
Introduction – Understanding Round PCBs In modern electronic product design, PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) have evolved from their original simple rectangular form to encompass a variety of shapes and structures. Round PCB Board, due to their unique shape, structure, and adaptability, are gaining increasing attention in applications such as wearable devices, smart lighting, medical sensors,
Electroplating via filling is a key technology in the field of modern high-density electronic packaging. It not only greatly enhances the design flexibility and performance of PCB boards, but also demonstrates significant advantages in product reliability, heat dissipation capabilities, and production efficiency. This article will explore the many advantages of electroplating via filling in depth
RF pcbs are core components in electronic devices, and their performance stability directly affects the overall operational effectiveness of the device. However, in complex electromagnetic environments, RF circuit boards are easily susceptible to various electromagnetic interferences, leading to performance degradation or even failure. Therefore, effective RF PCB shielding is particularly important. Basic Principles of RF
